Experimental Study of Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Palm Shell: Product Characteristic, Possible Mechanism, and Valuable Chemicals

Siti Jamilatun, Joko Pitoyo, Totok Eka Suharto

Abstract


Palm shell is one of Indonesia's most significant agricultural products, as well as the waste it produces. Pyrolysis is the most effective method for converting biomass into biofuel and value-added chemicals. Understanding the decomposition mechanism of pyrolysis is crucial for reactor design and optimization. This research aims to study the characteristics of palm shell pyrolysis products, possible reaction mechanisms, and resulting valuable compounds. Palm shell slow pyrolysis at a heating rate of 10 °C/min was performed in a fixed-bed reactor using Ni/Al2O3 catalyst 20 wt.% at 300, 400, 500, and 600°C. The result shows that the optimum yield of bio-oil was obtained at a temperature of 500 °C. The catalyst increased the heating value and decreased the oxygenated and O/C content of bio-oil. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst has high selectivity to phenol, aliphatic hydrocarbon, and aldehyde. The biochar product has a microporous structure with a mean pore diameter of 1.89 nm and a surface area of 0.3899 m2/g. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is effective for reforming process shown by decreasing CH4 and CO2 content. The phenolic component is the foremost valuable chemical in palm shell pyrolysis.


Keywords


Palm shell; Pyrolysis; Nickel-alumina; Valuable added chemicals

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