Characterization of Measurements for Smart Grids

Ciro Spataro

Abstract


The management of smart grids requires advanced and complex measuring systems because of the continuous development of electricity production, transmission, and distribution systems. These measurement systems, because of their complexity, are only based on analog-to-digital conversion. To characterise the quality of such measurements, it is necessary to evaluate their measurement uncertainty. With this aim, this paper presents an approach based on the Monte Carlo method. By using a specially designed simulator and inputting the characteristics of the employed transducers and analog-to-digital converters, the method allows not only estimating uncertainties but also getting the probability density functions associated with measurements. The proposed method can easily estimate the impact of different sources of error on the measurement uncertainty, allowing for the proper design of the measurement system and the proper choice of transducers and analog-to-digital converters.


Keywords


smart grids; power quality; Monte Carlo methods; analog-digital conversion; uncertainty evaluation.

Full Text:

PDF

References


S. Sagiroglu, Y. Canbay, and I. Colak, “Solutions and Suggestions for Smart Grid Threats and Vulnerabilities” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol.9, no.4, 2019.

A. Nasiri, A. Bani-Ahmed, and I. Stamenkovic, “Foundational Support Systems of the Smart Grid: State of the Art and Future Trends”, International Journal of Smart Grid, vol.2, no.1, 2018.

D. Bishnoi, H. Chaturvedi, “A Review on Emerging Trends in Smart Grid Energy Management Systems”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol.11, no.3, 2021.

S. N. Saxena, “Smart Distribution Grid and How to Reach the Goal”, International Journal of Smart Grid, vol.3, no.4, 2019.

A. AlKassem, “The Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources to Smart Grid: A Comprehensive View”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol.12, no.3, 2022.

L. Peretto, "The role of measurements in the smart grid era", IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 22-25, 2010.

B. Velkovski, M. Markovska, Z. Kokolanski, D. Taskovski, and V. Dimchev, "Evaluating the uncertainty of a virtual power quality disturbance generator and its use in power quality classifier evaluation", Acta IMEKO, Vol.12, no.3, 2023.

D. L. Carní and F. Lamonaca, "Toward an Automatic Power Quality Measurement System: An Effective Classifier of Power Signal Alterations," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 71, pp. 1-8, 2022.

R. Deshpande, M. S. Raghvendraprasad, “Power quality analysis of electrical distribution systems with asynchronous generators”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol.8, no.4, 2018.

R. Deshpande, M. S. Raghvendraprasad, “Analysis of Power Quality variations in Distributed Generation Systems”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol.9, no.1, 2019.

J. -P. Kitzig, S. Schlaghecke, and G. Bumiller, "Power Quality Measurement System with PMU Functionality Based on Interpolated Sampling", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1014-1025, 2019.

M. Kingsley-Amaehule, R. Uhunmwangho, N. Nwazor, and K. Okedu, “Smart Intelligent Monitoring and Maintenance Management of Photo-voltaic Systems”, International Journal of Smart Grid, vol.6, no.4, 2022.

M. Faifer, C. Laurano, R. Ottoboni, S. Toscani, and M. Zanoni, "Harmonic Distortion Compensation in Voltage Transformers for Improved Power Quality Measurements", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 3823-3830, 2019.

S. K. Jain, P. Jain, and S. N. Singh, "A Fast Harmonic Phasor Measurement Method for Smart Grid Applications", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 493-502, 2017.

S. Gangopadhyay and S. Das, "Fuzzy Theory Based Quality Assessment of Multivariate Electrical Measurements of Smart Grids", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 97686-97704, 2021.

D.Istrate, D. Amaripadath, E. Toutain, R. Roche, and F. Gao, "Traceable measurements of harmonic (2 to 150) kHz emissions in smart grids: Uncertainty calculation", Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems, vol 9, no. 2, pp. 375–381, 2020.

T. D. Atmaja, D. Andriani, and R. Darussalam, "Smart Grid communication applications: Measurement equipment and networks architecture for data and energy flow", Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, vol. 10, no 2, 2019.

V. J. Foba, A. T. Boum, and C. F. Mbey, “Optimal Reliability of a Smart Grid”, International Journal of Smart Grid, vol.5, no.2, 2021.

F. A. de O. Nascimento, "Hartley Transform Signal Compression and Fast Power Quality Measurements for Smart Grid Application", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2023.

E.L.Sousa et al., "Development a Low-Cost Wireless Smart Meter with Power Quality Measurement for Smart Grid Applications", Sensors, vol. 23, no 16, 2023.

BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ILAC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML, Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM100,2008.

S. Rapuano, "Preliminary Considerations on ADC Standard Harmonization", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 386-394, 2008.

IEEE Standard 1241-2023, Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters.

IEC Standard 62008-2005, Performance characteristics and calibration methods for digital data acquisition systems and relevant software.

BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ILAC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML, Evaluation of measurement data - Supplement 1 to the "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement" - Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method, Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM 101, 2008.

S. Nuccio and C. Spataro, "Assessment of virtual instruments measurement uncertainty", Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 39-46, 2001.

S. Nuccio, C. Spataro, and G. Tine, "Virtual Instruments: Uncertainty Evaluation in the Presence of Electromagnetic Interferences," IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Methods for Uncertainty Estimation in Measurement, Sardagna, Italy, 2007.

M. Caruso, A.O. Di Tommaso, R. Miceli, C. Nevoloso, and C. Spataro, "Uncertainty evaluation in the differential measurements of power losses in a power drive system", Measurement, vol. 183, 2021.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijsmartgrid.v7i4.313.g302

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


www.ijsmartgrid.com; www.ijsmartgrid.org

ilhcol@gmail.com; ijsmartgrid@nisantasi.edu.tr

Online ISSN: 2602-439X

Publisher: ilhami COLAK (istanbul Nisantasi Univ)

Cited in Google Scholar and CrossRef